Many Christians become practically giddy when they hear celebrities or politicians talk about God. We will fight to maintain our motto “in God we trust” and our allegiance to being “one nation under God.” At the founding of our country, God was understood to be the God who revealed himself in Jesus Christ. Freedom of religion meant that you were free to practice the Christian faith no matter what your Christian denomination. The original colonies had established Christian churches. A requirement for many governments was to be a professing Christian. “God” had a name.
(more…)
Jesus the Temple
John’s Gospel is a literary trek through the new Tabernacle or Temple that is Jesus’ body. His allusions to Jesus as the new Temple are evident from the beginning. “The Word” calls up the construction of Solomon’s Temple in 1 Kings. What is translated as “the inner sanctuary” by the ESV is a Hebrew word that seems to be associated with the word “to speak” or its noun form, “word” (1 Kg 6:5, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 31; 7:49). This is another name for the Holy of Holies. In John 1:14, the Word becomes flesh and “dwells” among us. The verb “dwells” speaks of pitching a tent or dwelling in a tent. Some have translated it, “tabernacled.” Seeing his glory, the glory that dwells in the Holy of Holies, only fortifies the image.
If these images aren’t clear enough, when Jesus cleanses the Temple in chapter 2, he tells the Jews, “Destroy this Temple, and in three days I will raise it up” (Jn 2:19). He was speaking about the Temple that is his body (Jn 2:21).
(more…)
The Gospel of John: Christ the Creator
John’s Gospel opens with the unmistakable echo of Genesis 1:1: “In the beginning … God.” He fills that out a bit more than Moses, but there is no doubt that John intends to write a new Genesis. The clear allusion in John’s opening words invites us to look for patterns that parallel and retell the story of creation around the Word made flesh. John makes it fairly easy for us.
In the first eleven chapters of his Gospel, John records seven signs Jesus performed. He records these signs so that the reader or hearer might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and believing might have life in his name (Jn 20:30-31). John shapes his telling of the story of Jesus around these signs.
Signs are not inert pointers to something else. They are not like our road signs, for instance, that tell us the law but have no power to enforce it. Signs in Scripture are what we call miracles, God’s extraordinary providence; that is, this isn’t the way God works ordinarily on a day-to-day basis. Signs are God’s acts to save his people and destroy his enemies. When Moses was sent to Pharaoh, he was sent to perform signs and wonders that would lead to the deliverance of the children of Israel and the destruction of Egypt.
Jesus’ signs are for the same purpose, but the scale of his work is greater than that of Moses. What God did through Moses in North Africa, Jesus is doing for the entire created order.
As the world begins in water, so John’s new Genesis begins in water with the Spirit hovering and the first light driving back the darkness. After the Prologue (Jn 1:1-18), water is everywhere, surrounding the first sign of Jesus turning water to wine (Jn 2:1-11). John the Baptizer is baptizing. Jesus is baptized, and the Spirit hovers over him. Jesus tells Nicodemus that the new birth is through water and Spirit (Jn 3:1-21). Baptisms appear again at the end of chapter 3, and Jesus speaks with a woman at a well in chapter 4.
Jesus’ first sign is to take the water of the old creation and bring it to maturity in the form of wine. Wine is mature water, water assimilated into the ground, vine, and grape and then extracted and aged/matured. Jesus is making a new creation that will be the mature creation God intended. This is the first light of Jesus’ glory (Jn 2:11).
On the second day of creation, God placed a firmament he called “heaven” between the waters below and the waters above. The heaven of heavens is the place of God’s throne, his rule. The firmament heaven will eventually have rulers that govern times and seasons (Gen 1:14-18). A ruler’s son is healed as the second sign (Jn 4:46-54). The sons of Adam are sin-sick and unable to rule as God intended. Jesus is healing the firmament dwellers.
The third sign follows on the heels of the second sign with a Jewish man at the Pool of Bethesda who desires to be healed by going into the pool after it has been stirred by the angel and emerging with a new life. The third day of creation is when land emerged from the water, and vegetation appeared. Jesus is the one who has the authority to raise “the land,” men, from the abyss of death into resurrection (Jn 5:19-47).
Jesus feeding the five thousand is the fourth recorded sign (Jn 6:1-15). On the fourth day of creation, God placed the sun, moon, and stars in the firmament to rule. When Jesus provides bread as Solomon did for the nations and as God did in the wilderness, the people want to make him king (Jn 6:15), a star in the firmament-heaven. He will be there, but not yet.
The fifth sign is connected to the fourth because the people’s actions cause Jesus to withdraw. The disciples get into a boat on the sea that becomes tumultuous, and Jesus comes walking on the sea. On the fifth day of creation, God created swarms of swarming sea creatures over which man was to have dominion (Gen 1:28; Ps 8). The sea of the old creation swallows up man in death, but Jesus subdues it.
On the sixth day of the week, God made man in his image to rule as God rules. The refrain of God’s judgments in Genesis 1 is, “and God saw that it was good.” The eyes are instruments of judgment, discerning between good and evil. In John 9, we meet a man born blind who declares of himself, “I am the man” (Jn 9:9). He is the old Adam left without the ability to judge. Jesus heals him so that he can judge as he was created to do.
The Sabbath day was a day of rest and rejoicing. Sin turned into a day of mourning. Lazarus dies, and Jesus weeps. Raising Lazarus from the dead is the seventh sign. Jesus will turn the mourning of death-rest into the rejoicing of life-rest.
This entire week of signs anticipates the eighth sign that is homed in on in chapters 13—20. Jesus will be glorified through the cross and resurrection. He is crucified on the sixth day of the week, lies in the tomb on the Sabbath, and then is raised on the first day of the week, which is the eighth day in relation to the first week. Jesus re-creates the world in his work.
John’s Gospel structure is the message: Jesus has not come to give men individual private spiritual experiences as one religion among many; Jesus has come as the Creator and Re-creator of the world who defines and governs every aspect of the world’s existence. Pledge your allegiance to your Creator and King.
Why Four Gospels?
Why do we have four Gospels? Wouldn’t it have been a bit more tidy for casual readers and scholars alike if we had one Gospel that would clear up any apparent discrepancies? The Holy Spirit, guiding the writers, as well as the church, obviously didn’t think so. There was a need for four Gospels to give us different perspectives on the life of Christ, all completely consistent with one another so that they can be harmonized historically, but different so as to throw a different light on the Person and work of Christ Jesus.
The early church understood the number four to be Scripturally significant. Irenaeus, the second-century bishop of Lyons, summarizes the early church’s thought about why we have four Gospels:
(more…)
Maturity & Mission
One of the major themes of Scripture concerns maturity. In the beginning, the world was created infantile, something to be developed and brought to a mature condition. This story of Scripture is written into every human being conceived in the womb of a woman.
Like the creation of which we are a part and represent, we mature. We mature physiologically as our bones, muscles, and organs grow. We mature psychologically and intellectually by learning new things and growing in wisdom. Scripture’s story is written into our existence as humans.
(more…)
The Covenant Story: The New Covenant
“For all the promises of God in him are ‘Yes,’ and in him ‘Amen,’….” ~2 Corinthians 1:20
“To be continued.” This is one of the most frustrating phrases ever to be used on screen. The author immerses you in the story, takes you to the point of anxiously desiring resolution, and then leaves you hanging, waiting for all the questions to be answered in the next installment … maybe. From a marketing perspective, it is brilliant because an audience is assured for the next episode (if the story is good enough). From a viewer’s perspective, the tension is unpleasant. (And this is why we now have streaming services and “binge-watching.”)
At the end of the Hebrew Scriptures (2 Chronicles in the Hebrew order), God put a big “to be continued.” The Jews are sent back to the land to rebuild the Temple and the walls of Jerusalem. God’s people are in prominent places in the empire (such as Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, Abednego, Esther, and Mordecai). These were golden years in some sense.
(more…)
The Covenant Story: David & Restoration
“For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given; And the government will be upon his shoulder … Of the increase of his government and peace there will be no end.” ~Isaiah 9:6, 7
From the earliest days of history, God declared his intention for his kingdom to be established on the earth and ruled by man. The original dominion mandate in Genesis 1:28 tied dominion–the establishment and maturation of the kingdom–to seed, children, being fruitful and multiplying. Men would develop and rule over God’s kingdom on earth. “The heaven of heavens are Yahweh’s, but the earth he has given to the sons of men” (Ps 115:16).
When sin entered the world, the establishment of the kingdom would have to come through the defeat of the serpent and his seed. God promised in Genesis 3:15 that he would raise up the seed of the woman to accomplish this mission. Over the next several thousand years, the story of the seed and the kingdom unfold.
(more…)
The Covenant Story: Abraham’s Altars
Not long after God called Abraham out of Ur of the Chaldees/Babylonians, Abraham started a missionary journey. He set out to be what God called him to be: a blessing to the nations. He wasted no time. He journeyed down to the land of Shechem right in the midst of the cursed line of Ham, the Canaanites. Around a terebinth tree at Moreh, Yahweh appeared to him and promised him the land where he was dwelling. Abraham’s response was to build an altar, establishing worship in the land (Gen 12:4-7).
After this, Abraham moved to the land between Bethel and Ai and built another altar (Gen 12:8). Later, after splitting up with his nephew, Lot, Abraham was promised by Yahweh again that he would possess the land. Abraham responded to Yahweh’s promise by building another altar at Hebron, near the terebinth trees of Mamre (Gen 13:14-18). The building of these altars anticipated and prepared the way for the promise of God to come to its fullness. It may have seemed small and somewhat insignificant compared to the vastness of the promise that God made that Abraham would inherit the world (cf. Rom 4:13), but Abraham started where Yahweh put him. He did what he was supposed to do in the place God, in his providence, placed him.
(more…)
The Covenant Story: Creation Through Noah
In the beginning, God spoke. In his words, he revealed himself, expressing the glories of his person and his eternal Triune relationship in light, darkness, the firmament-heaven, seas, dry land, vegetation, sun, moon, stars, creatures of the land and sea, and, above all, man, who is created as the unique image of God. God’s words were his bond. They not only called into existence the world and everything in it from nothing, but his word bound him to the world. His word was his covenant.
Creation was not completed with one grand word spoken so that everything was created instantly. Rather, God progressively moved creation from immaturity–formless and void–to greater maturity over the span of six days. His creative actions set the stage for how the story of the world will unfold. Through God’s covenant words, the world will move from immaturity to maturity.
(more…)
Weighing Debts
Forgiveness and reconciliation can be a thorny issue. Many questions must be asked to determine the shape of forgiveness and reconciliation. Is sin truly involved, or is one of the people offended because of his own unrealistic expectations of the other person? That is, one person has his feelings hurt because he is overly demanding, and no one lives up to his expectations. If sin is involved, is the sin of such a nature that it can be forgiven so that the relationship can return to what it was? If one spouse speaks uncharacteristically harshly to the other, forgiveness can be granted and the sin practically forgotten. Or is the sin of such a nature that the relationship is unalterably changed even though forgiveness is granted? If a spouse is a serial adulterer/adulteress, leading to a divorce, the marriage may never go back to what it was. Is the sinning party repentant or unrepentant? What is the part restitution plays in reconciliation? What does the healing process look like after forgiveness is granted? Though we don’t need to make forgiveness more complicated than necessary, human relationships are not as simple as “do these three things and move on.” (I’ve written several articles on forgiveness at Kuyperian Commentary. You can find them here, and a series that begins here.)
(more…)
